Stress fractures are a common overuse injury in athletes and active individuals. These painful injuries occur when repetitive stress on a bone exceeds its ability to repair itself. Early identification and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure a successful recovery and return to activity
What is a Stress Fracture?
Bone stress injuries arise when repetitive forces on the bone exceed its natural ability to repair itself. Over time, this continuous stress can create micro-damage, which if unaddressed, may progress to a stress fracture. Initially, bone stress injuries can begin as minor irritation or oedema (swelling) on the bone surface. However, if ignored, this minor damage can escalate into a full stress fracture, involving a complete break in the bone's cortex.
How Do Stress Fractures Occur?
Stress fractures are often referred to as "overuse injuries" as they develop when bones are repeatedly subjected to forces that exceed their healing ability. These injuries are common among individuals engaged in repetitive, high-impact activities, like running or jumping. A sudden spike in the intensity or duration of these activities, without allowing enough rest, significantly raises the risk of a stress fracture.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Recognising the symptoms of bone stress injuries early is crucial. This can aid in reducing healing times and prevent the bone stress from developing into a stress fracture.
Here are common signs to watch for:
Sudden increase in load: An abrupt increase in physical activity can put excessive stress on bones.
Tenderness over the bone: The affected area often feels tender to the touch.
Pain on impact: Pain may occur when you put weight through the bone.
Swelling and bruising: Visible swelling or bruising over the affected area can be a warning sign.
Resting or night pain: Pain that continues at rest or even disturbs sleep can indicate a more advanced bone injury.
Common Sites for Stress Fractures
Nearly 95% of stress fractures occur in the lower limbs, as these areas endure the most repetitive, weight-bearing forces. Here is a breakdown of the most common locations:
Tibia (49%)
Tarsal bones (25%)
Metatarsals (9%)
Femur (9%)
Fibula (9%)
This prevalence highlights the importance of monitoring any pain or tenderness in the legs & feet, especially for active individuals involved in high-impact activities.
Treatment
The good news is that most stress fractures can heal within six to eight weeks, though the exact timeline can vary depending on the fracture's location, severity, and individual factors like age. For recovery, initial management focuses on rest and activity modification. This often involves using crutches or a moon boot to reduce weight-bearing on the affected area, giving the bone a chance to heal.
During this time, low-impact exercises like water fitness or elliptical workouts can help maintain fitness without putting undue stress on the bone. After the initial recovery period, a gradual reintroduction to regular activities and sports is crucial. This controlled return helps prevent re-injury and ensures the bone has fully recovered before it’s loaded again.
Recovering from a stress fracture? At Marna Physio, we are here to help you overcome your stress fracture. Book a consultation today and let our experienced team get you back on track!
Comments